Sejarah Terengganu Yang Awal Adalah Tidak Jelas

Sejarah Terengganu yang awal adalah tidak jelas. Namun begitu terdapat catatan mengenai Terengganu oleh saudagar Cina, Chao Ju Kua pada tahun 1225 yang menyebut sebagai jajahan takluk Palembang.

"Negarakartagama", tulisan Prapanca dari Jawa pada tahun 1365, menyatakan bahawa Terengganu, Paka dan Dungun di bawah taklukan Majapahit. Berdasarkan bukti arkeologi seperti kapak batu dan tembikar yang dijumpai di Gunung Bewah, terdapat manusia tinggal di situ sejak 4000 SM. Pada Batu Bersurat Terengganu terdapat pula catatan nama Raja Mandalika. Seterusnya dalam sejarah Terengganu, terdapat pemerintahan bernama Megat Panji Alam dan juga Tun Telanai.

Terengganu kemudiannya disebut sebagai negeri di bawah pemerintahan kerajaan Johor. Pada ketika itu, dua orang pembesar Johor, Laksamana dan Paduka Megat Seri Rama, dihantar memerintah Terengganu. Seterusnya, Bendahara Hasan pula dihantar mentadbir Terengganu. Berikutnya, Terengganu ditadbir oleh Tun Zain Indera, kemudiannya, oleh anak Tun Zain Indera, Tun Yuan, Tun Sulaiman dan Tun Ismail; Tun Sulaiman sebagai sultan di Pantai Layang ( Balik Bukit ), Tun Yuan sebagai Bendahara dan Tun Ismail sebagai Menteri Tersat.

Pengasas Kesultanan Terengganu sekarang ialah Sultan Zainal Abidin I. Baginda yang juga dikenali dengan panggilan "Bendahara Padang Saujana" ialah putera Tun Habib Abdul Majid. Mengikut buku Tuhfat al-Nafis, karangan Raja Haji, Tun Zainal Abidin ditabalkan sebagai Sultan Terengganu oleh Daeng Menampuk atau Raja Tua di atas perintah Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah Johor. Sumber yang lain pula dinyatakan Tun Zainal Abidin ditabalkan di atas tahta Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu oleh Phra Chau Yang(Raja Perempuan Mas Cayam), Raja Pattani.

Mengikut hikayat Johor serta Pahang, Tun Zainal Abidin datang ke Pattani setelah Paduka Raja Laksamana Wan Abdul Rahman dibunuh di Terengganu disekitar 1688. Ketika berada di Pattani, Tun Zainal Abidin dijadikan anak angkat oleh Raja Pattani, Phra Nang Chau Yang.

Tun Zainal Abidin menjadi Sultan Terengganu pada tahun 1708. Ini berdasarkan duit kupang emas Terengganu yang mencatatkan nama Sultan Zainal Abidin dan tahun 1120 hijrah (bersamaan tahun 1708). Sultan Zainal Abidin I tidak lama bersemanyam di Tanjung Baru, Kuala Berang, berpindah ke Kota Batang Mahang, ke Langgar dan ke Pulau Manis. Kemudian berpindah lagi ke Chabang Tiga, Kuala Terengganu dan akhirnya di kawasan berhampiran Bukit Keledang (kini dipanggil Kota Lama).

Istana Maziah.

Sultan Zainal Abidin I digantikan oleh putera baginda, Ku Tana Mansur dengan gelaran Sultan Mansur I pada tahun 1733, ketika berusia 7 tahun. Baginda memerintah Terengganu sehingga tahun 1794. Pada tahun 1739, Sultan Mansur Shah I berkahwin dengan Raja Bulang anak Daeng Chelak, Yamtuan Muda Johor Kedua. Berikutnya, baginda berkahwin pula dengan Raja Bakul, putera Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah. Ketika menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu, Sultan Mansur I telah menghabiskan empat belas tahun (1746–1760) daripada masa pemerintahannya di Riau, terlibat dalam persaingan di antara orang Melayu dengan orang Bugis. Apabila pulang ke Terengganu pada 1760, baginda terlibat pula dalam politik Kelantan membantu Long Yunus, Putera Long Sulaiman Ibni Long Bahar, Yang DiPertuan Kelantan menduduki takhta kerajaan Kelantan pada tahun 1776.

Sultan Mansur I digantikan oleh puteranya, Sultan Zainal Abidin II (1794–1808). Pada masa pemerintahan baginda, berlaku peperangan dengan Kelantan yang dipimpin oleh Long Mahammad Ibni Long Yunus, Raja Kelantan. Terengganu dikalahkan dan seterusnya Kelantan berjaya membebaskan diri daripada naungan Terengganu. Seterusnya takhta kerajaan Terengganu diduduki oleh beberapa sultan, termasuknya Baginda Omar.

Baginda Omar pernah menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu pada tahun 1831 mengantikan Sultan Daud. Tetapi baginda diturunkan daripada takhta kerajaan oleh Tengku Mansur dan seterusnya sebagai Sultan Mansur II. Sultan Mansur II digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Muhammad. Pada tahun 1839, Baginda Omar berjaya mengalahkan Sultan Muhammad dan seterusnya menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu. Ketika pemerintahan baginda, Terengganu berkembang maju.

Apabila Baginda Omar mangkat, takhta kerajaan Terengganu diduduki oleh Sultan Ahmad Shah II (1876–1881). Sultan Ahmad Shah pula digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1881–1918). Ketika pemerintahan baginda, British beberapa kali cuba melibatkan diri dalam kerajaan Terengganu. Pada tahun 1911, Sultan Zainal Abidin III meluluskan "Undang-Undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu" yang di antara lain menyatakan Sultan Yang DiPertuan Besar Terengganu memiliki kuasa kerajaan dan jajahan serta adalah ketua tertinggi kerajaan Terengganu. Seterusnya takhta kerajaan digantikan oleh Sultan Muhammad Shah II (1918–1920) dan Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah (1920–1942).

Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni Almarhun Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, Sultan Terengganu ke-16 yang memerintah negeri Terengganu sekarang.

Menurut "Warta Chahaya Timor No. 38" bertarikh 29 September 1942, apabila Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah telah mangkat pada 26 September 1942, Tengku Ali, yang dirujuk sebagai putera sulung baginda telah dilantik sebagai "Pemangku Sultan Sementara" oleh pihak pentadbiran Jepun pada 29 September 1942. Seterusnya Tengku Ali telah diberikan gelaran "Sultan" pada 30 September 1942 oleh Syuckokan atau Gabenor Jepun. Walau bagaimanapun perlantikan ini dinyatakan tidak menurut "Undang-Undang Diri Bagi Negeri Terengganu" 1911.

Tengku Seri Paduka Raja, Tengku Ismail diisytiharkan sebagai Sultan Terengganu pada Ahad, 16 Disember 1945. Baginda seterusnya ditabalkan pada tahun 1949 dengan gelaran "Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin Shah". Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin dilantik sebagai Seri Paduka Baginda Yang DiPertuan Agong ke–6 dari 21 September 1965 hingga 20 September 1970. Dalam tempoh itu, Duli Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Mahmud dilantik sebagai Pemangku Raja Terengganu. Apabila Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin Shah mangkat pada tahun 1979, takhta kerajaan Terengganu digantikan oleh putera baginda, Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Yang Dipertuan Muda Tengku Mahmud. Baginda menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu dengan gelaran Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah. Sultan Mahmud mangkat pada 15 Mei 1998 di Singapura. Dengan itu, takhta kerajaan Terengganu digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin.

 [sunting] Kesultanan Terengganu

• 1708-1733: Tun Zainal Abidin
• 1733-1794: Sultan Mansur I
• 1794–1808: Sultan Zainal Abidin II
• 1808–1830: Sultan Ahmad
• 1830: Sultan Abdul Rahman
• 1830–1831: Sultan Daud
• 1831–1837: Sultan Mansur II
• 1837–1839: Sultan Muhammad
• 1839–1876: Baginda Omar
• 1876–1881: Sultan Ahmad Shah II
• 1881–1918: Sultan Zainal Abidin III, putera Sultan Ahmad Shah II ;
• 1918–1920: Sultan Muhammad Shah II
• 1920–1942: Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
• 1942-1945: Sultan Ali
• 1945-1979: Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin Shah
• 1979-1998: Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah
• 1998-kini: Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Sultan of Terengganu

The Sultan of Terengganu

The Sultanate of Terengganu is established around 1725 by Sultan Zainal Abidin I. He is the younger son to Bendahara Tun Habib Abd Majid bin Mat Ali, Dato Bendahara Sri Maharaja Padang Saujana of Johor. Terengganu Royal Family is one of the junior branch families of the Johorean House of Bendahara. Officially, the Sultan of Terengganu is styled as :-

Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Besar Terengganu Darul Iman

HRH Sultan and the Head of State of Terengganu

Below is the list of the Sultan of Terengganu since 1881.

SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN MUAZZAM SHAH III

(1881 - 1918)

HRH Sultan Zainal Abidin III is the 11th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 12th April 1866. He is the eldest son of Sultan Ahmad Muazzam Shah II by his first wife, Tengku Ampuan Besar Kulsum. He was installed as the Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Terengganu (Crown Prince of Terengganu) on 15th January 1877. He succeeded the Terengganuan throne upon the death of his father on 18th December 1881 and officially crowned at Kuala Terengganu on 10th April 1882.

In 1909, Terengganu was transferred to British Protection under the terms of Aglo-Siamese Treaty. Sultan Zainal Abidin rejected the treaty as he considered Terengganu as a sovereign and free nation and not a Siamese Territory. Nevertheless, he entered into an agreement with British at Singapore in 1910. In 1911, he introduced the first state constitution, the Undang-undang Tuboh Negeri Terengganu. He ruled Terengganu for 37 years. He died at Kuala Terengganu on 26th November 1918.


SULTAN MUHAMMAD MUAZZAM SHAH II
(1918 - 1920)

HRH Sultan Muhammad II is the 12th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 7th September 1888. He is the third son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III by his second wife, Che Kulsum bt Hj Daud. He was installed as the Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Terengganu (Crown Prince) in 1889. He succeeded the throne upon the death of his father on 26th November 1918. He ruled Terengganu for 2 years. He abdicated the throne in favor of his younger brother on 20th May 1920. He settled in Singapore and continues to receive allowances as a ruler. He died at Istana Gong Kapas, Kuala Terengganu on 11th April 1956.


SULTAN SULAIMAN BADRUL ALAM SHAH
(1920 - 1942)

HRH Sultan Sulaiman is the 13th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 1st December 1895. He is the fourth son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III by his third wife, Che Aisha binti Ismail. He later received the title as Tengku Muda and the first-in line to the throne. He was proclaimed as the Sultan of Terengganu on the abdication of his elder brother at Kuala Terengganu on 20th May 1920. He was officially crowned on 3rd March 1921 at Kuala Terengganu. He ruled Terengganu for 22 years. He died from blood poisoning at Istana Timur, Padang Sri Negara on 25th September 1942.


SULTAN ALI SHAH

(1942 - 1945)

HRH Sultan Ali is the 14th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 24th January 1914. He is the eldest son of Sultan Sulaiman by his wife, Tengku Ampuan Besar Mariam. He was installed as the Sultan of Terengganu by the Japanese Administration on 25th September 1942. On 18th October 1943, Terengganu was transferred to Siam. He ruled Terengganu for 3 years before been deposed by British Military Administration on 29th September 1945.

On 5th November 1945, the Terengganu State Council consist of 13 members announced the dismissal of Sultan Ali. The succession dispute case has been forwarded to the court where Sultan Ali lost his claimed. He continued to dispute his dismissal until his death on 17th May 1996.


SULTAN ISMAIL NASIRUDDIN SHAH
(1945 - 1979)

HRH Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah is the 15th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 24th January 1907. He is the fifth son to Sultan Zainal Abidin III by his fourth wife, Che Maimunah. He succeeded the throne after the deposition of his nephew, Sultan Ali on 29th September 1945. He was installed at Istana Maziah on 16th December 1945. He was officially crowned on 6th June 1949. Terengganu became a member of Federation of Malaya in 1957. He was elected as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 21st September 1960. Terengganu later join to form the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. He served as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (The Supreme Ruler) of Malaysia from 1965 until 1970.

He returned to ruled Terengganu on 20th September 1970. He ruled Terengganu for 34 years. He died at Istana Badariah, Kuala Terengganu on 20th September 1979.


SULTAN MAHMUD AL-MUKTAFI BILLAH SHAH

(1979 - 1998)

HRH Sultan Mahmud is the 16th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 29th April 1930. He is the eldest son of Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah by his first wife, Tengku Zaharah binti Tengku Umar. He was appointed as the heir-apparent of the throne with the title Tengku Sri Paduka Raja. He served as the Regent of Terengganu (Pemangku Raja Terengganu) from 1965 – 1970. He was proclaimed as the Sultan of Terengganu on the death of his father on 21st September 1979. He was officially crowned on 21st March 1980. He ruled Terengganu for 19 years. He died at Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore on 14th May 1998.


SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN AL-WATHIQU BILLAH

(1998 - present)

HRH Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin is the 17th Sultan of Terengganu. He was born on 22nd January 1962. He is the eldest son of Sultan Mahmud by his second wife, Sharifa Nong Fatimah binti Sayyid Abdullah. He was appointed as the Heir apparent with the title Yang di-Pertuan Muda on 6th November 1979. He was proclaimed as the Sultan of Terengganu on the death of his father on 16th May 1998. He was installed on 26th May 1998 and officially crowned on 4th March 1999.

He is elected as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 26th April 1999. He is installed as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (The Supreme Ruler of Malaysia) on 13th December 2006 and served for full five-year term until 12th December 2011. He returned to rule Terengganu and currently is the sovereign of Terengganu Darul Iman.

References

http://radin87.blogspot.com/2010/09/sultan-of-terengganu.html

Sultanah of Terengganu

Tengku Ampuan Besar (Sultanah) of Terengganu

Here is the list of the Queen of Terengganu since 1881. Officially, the royal-born consort is styled as :-

Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tengku Ampuan Besar Terengganu

HRH Queen of Terengganu

Currently, the commoner-born Queen is styled as Sultanah.


(1881 – 1918)

Probably no consort been bestowed the title of Tengku Ampuan Besar during the reign of Sultan Zainal Abidin III. Three of his consorts become a mother of the future Sultan. Che Kulsum is the mother of Sultan Muhammad II (1918 - 1920). Che Aisha is the mother of Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah (1920 - 1942). Che Maimunah is the mother of Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1945 - 1979). 

SULTANA AISHA

(1918 - 1920)

Sultana Aisha is the third wife to Sultan Muhammad II. She was born as Tengku Ngah Aisha binti Almarhum Sultan Abd Rahman at Riau in 1892. She was married to Sultan Muhammad II (Tengku Muda Muhammad at that time) at Lingga, Riau on 21st May 1909. She died on 11th April 1963.

TENGKU AMPUAN BESAR MARIAM

(1920 - 1942)

Tengku Ampuan Besar Mariam is the wife to Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah. She was born as Tengku Mariam binti Sultan Ahmad Muazzam Shah in 1889. She was married to Sultan Sulaiman at Istana Maziah on 21st July 1913. She was crowned as Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu on 3rd March 1921. She died at Kuala Terengganu on 12th December 1975.

TENGKU AMPUAN BESAR AINUL JAMAL
(1943 - 1945)

Tengku Ampuan Besar Ainul Jamal is the third wife to Sultan Ali. She was born as Tengku Putri Ainul Jamal binti Sultan Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Muazzam Shah on 3rd June 1927. She was married to Sultan Ali on 3rd June 1943. She was styled as Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu from 1943 until 1945. The couple divorces in 1947.

She later married to Datuk Raja Abdul Jalil Shah bin Raja Shahar Shah. She was granted the title as Tengku Sri Nila Utama on 24th October 1976. She died on 12th January 2012.

TENGKU AMPUAN BESAR INTAN ZAHARAH

(1945 - 1979)

Tengku Ampuan Besar Intan Zaharah is the third wife to Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah. She was born as Tengku Intan Zaharah binti Tengku Umar at Singapore on 13th April 1928. She was married to Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah at Kuala Terengganu on 3rd April 1944 and styled as Tengku Puan Muda. She was crowned as Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu at Istana Maziah on 6th June 1949. She was styled as Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 1965 until 1970.

TENGKU AMPUAN BESAR BARIAH

(1979 - 1998)

Tengku Ampuan Besar Bariah is the first wife to Sultan Mahmud. She was born as Tengku Bariah binti Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah at Klang on 31st August 1933. She was married to Sultan Mahmud on 22nd March 1951 and styled as Tengku Puan Muda. She was crowned as Tengku Ampuan Besar on 21st March 1980. She died at Istana Seri Kota, Klang, Selangor on 21st March 2011.

SULTANAH NUR ZAHIRAH

(1998 - present)

Sultanah Nur Zahirah is the first wife to Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. She was born as Rozita binti Adil Bakeri on 7th December 1973. She was married to Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (then the Yang Dipertuan Muda (Crown Prince) of Terengganu ) at Istana Maziah on 28th March 1996 and styled as Cik Puan Sri. She was installed as Permaisuri on 12th July 1998. Later, she was styled as Ke Bawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultanah Nur Zahirah on 5th June 2004 as the Sultan Mizan’s wish.

On 13th December 2006, she was installed as Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia alongside with her husband and hold the title until December 12, 2011.

  

References

http://radin87.blogspot.com/2010/09/tengku-ampuan-besar-sultanah-of.html